UN fact-finding mission says foreign network armed and staffed Sudan's Rapid Support Forces

A UN Human Rights Council fact-finding mission said a transnational network, including actors from the UAE, Colombia and Chad, supplied the Rapid Support Forces with weapons, training and foreign personnel. The report, released September 4, links foreign-trained fighters to 2025 massacres at Zamzam camp and El Fasher, and says both sides may have committed war crimes with drone strikes on civilians; the war has killed at least 59,000 people and displaced 13 million since 2023. The UAE denies backing the RSF.

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